Facilitators of the learning process of writing in early ages

نویسنده

  • Raúl Gutiérrez
چکیده

Título: Facilitadores del proceso de aprendizaje de la escritura en las primeras edades. Resumen: El estudio del aprendizaje de la escritura en las primeras edades ha sido objeto de numerosas investigaciones en los últimos años. Actualmente se sabe que en las lenguas de escritura alfabética como la nuestra, aprender a escribir requiere tanto del conocimiento alfabético como de la toma de conciencia de la estructura fonológica del habla, siendo el desarrollo del lenguaje oral una habilidad necesaria para el aprendizaje de la lengua escrita. Sin embargo, son escasos los trabajos que se han realizado con la finalidad de conocer las vinculaciones existentes entre estas habilidades y el aprendizaje inicial de la escritura. El propósito de este trabajo fue analizar si con programas que integren el fomento del lenguaje oral junto con el desarrollo de las habilidades de procesamiento fonológico y el conocimiento alfabético se favorece la eficacia del proceso de aprendizaje de la escritura. Se empleó un diseño cuasi-experimental de comparación entre grupos con medidas pretest y postest. En el estudio participaron 403 alumnos de diferentes centros públicos y concertados con edades comprendidas entre los 5 y los 6 años. Los resultados ponderan el valor potencial del programa y apoyan el desarrollo de modelos de enseñanza que facilitan el acceso al conocimiento alfabético desde nuevas perspectivas educativas en cuanto que se favorece el aprendizaje del sistema de la escritura. Palabras clave: escritura; lenguaje oral; conocimiento alfabético; aprendizaje de la escritura; conciencia fonológica. Abstract: The study of learning to write at an early age has been the subject of much research in recent years. We now know that in languages of alphabetic writing like ours, learning to write requires both alphabetical knowledge and the awareness of the phonological structure of speech, with the development of spoken language a necessary skill for learning written language. However, few studies have been conducted in order to understand the link between these skills and the initial learning to write. The purpose of this study was to examine whether programs that integrate the promotion of oral language along with the development of phonological processing skills and alphabetical knowledge favour effectiveness of the written learning process. A quasi-experimental comparison group design with pre-test and post-test measures was used. The study involved 403 students from different public and private schools aged between 5 and 6. The results weigh the potential value of the program and support the development of teaching models that provide access to alphabetic knowledge from new educational perspectives that facilitate the learning of the writing system.

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تاریخ انتشار 2016